Superfreakonomics
I’ve previously mentioned the book Freakonomics as an interesting read which explains how economic thought can be applied to many different (and unusual) areas of the world around us. Well, the same authors (Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner) have recently released a follow-up book, Superfreakonomics.
This book covers in quite some depth topics such as finding solutions to global warming, using statistical analysis to find terrorists (particularly relevant at the moment) and why the solutions to big problems are often simple. I personally found that a few of these chapters strayed further from the economics-based descriptions that defined the first book – concentrating more on the details of possible solutions to global warming than the economic forces working on those solutions, for example.
Having said that, the chapter about the economics of prostitution is very much like the previous book’s chapter on drug dealing – because the relevant studies the authors were reporting on were done by the same researcher. It offers some of the detailed analysis that I felt made the first book accessible – explaining why the data gathered (and the methods used to gather the data) can tell you things you wouldn’t otherwise find out.
A very entertaining read which unfortunately is over too quickly – but the epilogue is my favourite part of the whole book, where they explain briefly the impact of explaining to monkeys the concept of money!
Click on the link to the right to buy the book from Amazon, and you’ll be doing your bit to support this site!
Time to make some changes
2010 beckons and the start of a new year is for many people the time to sort out their career or their finances. The Salary Calculator is here to help you if you want to make some changes to your financial situation.
It might be time to look for a new job – the Christmas break gives one time to consider career plans, and you might think that in January you’ll start looking for new employment, or talk to your employer about a promotion. Use The Salary Calculator when comparing salaries so you know how much extra it would make to you each month if you got that pay rise.
If you need some extra money each month, to save up for a holiday or a new car say, then use the Required Salary Calculator to work out what salary you need to look for to get that extra take-home. There’s hope that early in 2010 we’ll hear that the UK has finally left recession and things will start to pick up – including the job market.
If you’re not interested in a new job, you can consider sorting out your finances. Use the Mortgage Repayment Calculator to get an idea of the effects of remortgaging in 2010, or the Debt Consolidation Calculator to see what you could save by taking control of all of your loans. Why not try to get debt free in 2010?
Here’s to a great new year for everyone, I hope that The Salary Calculator will help you with your money in 2010!
Pre-budget report
Earlier this week the Chancellor of the Exchequer gave his pre-budget report, which gives us a preview of what he will announce in next year’s budget. For personal income, there were a couple of things to note. Firstly, the personal allowance (the amount that everyone can earn without paying income tax) is not increasing as it normally does in April 2010, and nor are the thresholds for National Insurance contributions. The Chancellor says that this is because the Retail Price Index (RPI) shows that deflation over the past 12 months means that in real terms we will be better off than a year ago even without the usual increase.
As already announced, there will be a new higher tax rate of 50% for income over £150,000, and personal allowances will be reduced gradually to zero for those earning over £100,000 (by £1 for every £2 earned over this limit).
The Salary Calculator will be updated with these details early in 2010, but as you can see, only those earning over £100,000 will find their take-home pay changing in April 2010. Everyone else will have the same personal allowances and the same tax and NI rates, so take-home will remain as before.
However, there was also news in this pre-budget report that there are plans to increase National Insurance contributions by 0.5% from April 2011, but also to raise the NI threshold so that those on lower salaries are not negatively affected. The details are not yet clear (and of course, there is an election between now and then so it may not come to pass) but whatever the changes for 2011 turn out to be, The Salary Calculator will be updated at that time.
Personal allowance correction for over 65s
In response to a comment from a visitor to The Salary Calculator site, I have updated the calculation of personal allowances for the over-65s. As you can see on this page on the HMRC website, personal allowances (the amount you can earn before paying any income tax) increase when you are over 65. The Salary Calculator has always reflected this, but there is also a note on the HMRC explaining that if you are over 65 and earn over the “Income Limit”, your personal allowance is decreased gradually, until it reaches the under-65 value.
The Salary Calculator has been updated to reflect this additional complexity. To quote the HMRC article:
If your income is over the income limit, we reduce the age-related allowance by half of the amount – £1 for every £2 – you have over that limit, until the basic rate allowance is reached. You’ll always get the basic allowance, whatever the level of your income.
So if, for example, you’re 66 and have an income of £23,400 – £500 over the limit – we would reduce your age-related Personal Allowance by £250 to £9,240.
These values reflect the April 2009 personal allowance values – needless to say, The Salary Calculator will be updated with the April 2010 values early in next year.
Tougher checks for borrowers
The Financial Services Authority (FSA) have today released mortgage reform proposals which are designed to regulate mortgage lenders and help prevent a repeat of the house price bubble that burst at the end of 2007. The approach they have set out is to prevent “reckless” lending to borrowers who can’t afford to repay the loan, which leads to foreclosures and repossessions and ultimately declines in the housing market.
The proposals seem to be designed to protect the borrower, by making it the responsibility of lenders and mortgage advisers to check that the mortgage is indeed affordable. There are proposals to prevent lenders charging the borrower for being in arrears, as long as the borrower is trying to reduce those arrears. However, as the BBC are reporting, there are fears that these measures would make it even harder for people to get a mortgage as lenders (who are already limiting the mortgage options available and the ease with which they can be taken) will insist of tough checks to make sure that the applicants really can afford the repayments.
Some commentators think that this might hurt the housing market, which currently needs all the help it can get, because it will mean fewer people buying houses. However, we should bear in mind that at this stage they are only proposals by the FSA, they may be modified or relaxed before they are introduced, and they are unlikely to take effect for 12 months or more. We may find, therefore, that a number of borrowers will try to take mortgages out before the new rules come in and lenders may be tempted to take advantage of this crowd by offering more and better deals. It’s not all bad news for those looking for a new mortgage, and we may see that this helps (in the short term) both house prices and the mortgage market. Long term, the reason behind the proposals is to make house prices and the market in general more stable, instead of the boom and bust that we have seen in recent years. This will mean house prices are unlikely to increase at the rate they did in the mid-2000s, but should manage a steady climb that is more reassuring for borrowers and lenders alike.
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