This April, the standard allowance for the under-65s is set to increase again, this time to £8,105. This is less of an increase than last year (a change only of £630) but it will still make a significant difference to those on lower incomes. Nick Clegg is pushing for the threshold to be raised quicker than that, but the Conservatives are resisting it for now – the main reason for this being that the lost tax would have to be paid for elsewhere. This could mean either increasing other taxes or making further cuts.

The personal allowance is affected by your tax code, which means you may not receive the standard tax-free amount. More information about tax codes in this blog post.

The Salary Calculator will be updated in early Spring with the tax thresholds and rates for April 2012.

In comparison to last year, when rates for most of us were unchanged, there are a number of differences which will mean that your payslip will be different next month.

The standard personal allowance (the amount you can earn tax-free) is increasing by a thousand pounds to £7,475, but this is mitigated in some way for higher earners by the threshold for 40% tax being lowered to £35,000. Similarly, NI rates increased by one penny in the pound (to 12% and 2%) but the threshold for paying NI increased so lower earners may not be too badly affected.

To see how you’re affected, try out The Salary Calculator with your salary. The details of the figures used by The Salary Calculator are available on the About page.

Useful links:

• HMRC Income Tax info sheet
• HMRC National Insurance info sheet

Tax codes exist because in some circumstances HMRC may adjust your personal allowance, often because of benefits like a company car or private healthcare. They do this by providing your employer with a tax code which indicates what your personal allowance should be.

The usual effect of such an adjustment would be to lower your personal allowance, meaning that you pay tax on more of your income. If you receive benefits such as private healthcare or a company car through your employer, you pay more tax on your salary so that the value of these benefits is also taxed.

Tax codes usually indicate the personal allowance by including a number which should be multiplied by 10 and have £5 added to it to make the personal allowance – e.g. the standard code 647L indicates a personal allowance of £6,475.

• L, P, Y and T codes indicate the personal allowance to be assigned as described above
• K codes indicate the amount by which the taxable income should be increased, if you owe tax on other earnings which should have been taxed
• A BR code indicates you pay 20% basic rate tax on all income
• A D0 code indicates you pay 40% tax on all income
• An NT code indicates you pay no tax

In most cases your tax code will stay the same if you change jobs, so now you can use The Salary Calculator to get a more accurate indication of what a pay rise or a new job would mean to you each month!

Unfortunately, a lot of the figures won’t be confirmed until towards the end of this year, so I have had to make some estimates based on what was described in the Emergency Budget report. For those who want to know, details of the figures I’ve used are below. For those who don’t – you can go straight to the “April 2011″ row of the Salary Calculator for April 2011 values.

Another change announced in the Budget was an increase in standard VAT rate from 17.5% to 20% effective from 4th January 2011. The VAT Calculator has also been updated so you can see what a difference this will make to purchases.

The calculations for the April 2011 values in The Salary Calculator are based on the following assumptions. Under 65 personal allowance increased to £7,475, over 65 allowance increased to £9,940, over 75 allowance increased to £10,090. Threshold of 40% tax lowered to £35,000 from £37,400. National Insurance rates increase from 11% to 12% for basic and 1% to 2% for additional, as set out by the previous government’s budget. National Insurance basic rate threshold increased to £7,475, additional rate lowered to £42,875. All other values unchanged.

Edit (5th January 2011): The values above have been updated with the latest information from the Treasury and the April 2011 calculations have been updated in line with these. The Salary Calculator will be updated again with final values in early Spring 2011, following the budget update.

They have promised that a new budget will be announced within 50 days, which will include changes to PAYE taking effect from April 2011. These changes will include increasing the income tax personal allowance to reduce taxes for low and middle earners (although not immediately the full increase to £10,000 the Lib Dems wanted), but the employee National Insurance threshold changes the Conservatives put in their manifesto will not be included. However Labour’s planned increase in employer National Insurance will not go ahead, pleasing Conservative supporters.

Full details will not be available until the promised emergency budget, but I promise to make available as soon as possible any relevant changes to The Salary Calculator!

Yes – it’s two relatively simple calculations, but I hope it that some visitors will find it useful! Comments and suggestions are as ever welcome, either here at The Salary Calculator or email The VAT Calculator.

Take a look at The VAT Calculator.

The Salary Calculator has already been updated, as described in a previous post, so the April 2010 values are used for both National Insurance and tax calculation. Details of the values used are on this page about the Salary Calculator, check it out and see whether the new tax rates will affect you!

As reported at the end of last year, for most people there’s actually no difference between the 2009 figures and the 2010 ones. Personal allowances are staying the same (whereas they usually go up), as are National Insurance payment thresholds.

However, there are some changes for those earning over £100,000 – personal allowances are reduced by £1 for every £2 your salary goes over £100,000, and there is a new 50% tax rate for taxable income over £150,000. So while most of the population will find their payslips unchanged come April, the highest earners will find themselves significantly worse off.

To see how you’re affected, try out The Salary Calculator with your salary. The details of the figures used by The Salary Calculator are available on the About page.

Useful links:

• HMRC Income Tax info sheet
• HMRC National Insurance info sheet

For example, if you are working 20 hours a week instead of 37.5:

1. If you know the hourly rate for the job, use the Hourly Rate Calculator, enter that rate and 20 hours – the calculator will show you the take home pay.
2. If you just know the annual salary for 37.5 hours a week, first divide the salary by 37.5, then multiply it by 20. Enter this new salary into the normal calculator and it should give you the right information.

According to HMRC, tax, NI etc are all worked out the same whether you worked 37.5 hours to earn the money, or just 20 (or 1!). The above tricks can show you what you need to know until I have time to create a pro-rata calculator.

The first change is the creation of a new income tax band for taxable income above £150,000, which will be taxed at a rate of 50%. This will make a significant difference to anyone who does earn this much as they currently are paying only 40% on this income.

The second change is a reduction of the personal allowance of £1 for every £2 your income is over £100,000. Your personal allowance is the amount you are allowed to earn without paying tax – by reducing this allowance the government are able to take more tax off your hands. In fact, I have calculated that whereas currently for every extra £2 you earn over £100,000 you take home £1.20, those of you lucky enough to be in this pay bracket will be taking home only £0.80 of that £2 from April 2010.

The Salary Calculator will be updated with these new rates early in 2010 when the details of personal allowances and other thresholds for that tax year are made available.

More details are available on the HMRC website here (PDF).