The Salary Calculator

Personal finances in the digital age

by Madaline Dunn

There’s no escaping the fact that technology has revolutionised personal finances. We’re currently in the depths of the digital era, where almost everything finance-related has a tech element. It’s helped people streamline everything from bills to budgeting, with mobile phones acting as a personal finance hub in people’s pockets.

This week, at The Salary Calculator, we’ll explore the different ways tech and digital have transformed our personal finances for the better…and worse, including:

• Automation in personal finances
• How your phone can act as a personal finances hub
• How people are learning about finances through new mediums
• What the future holds for digital personal finances

Automating personal finances

Gone are the days of bankbooks, paper bill bank statements and cheques (for the most part). These days, with an internet connection, you can access a wide range of automated personal finance services. This has led to a significant reduction in the number of bank branches across the UK; recent figures show that, since January 2015, the number of banks and building society branches that have closed, or have scheduled to close, is 5,579.

Automation comes in a range of forms, including:

• Automatic bill payments,
• Automatic fraud alerts,
• Bookkeeping: What began with Excel has morphed into more modern accounting tools such as Xero, QuickBooks, FreshBooks and Zoho Books, which streamline and simplify bookkeeping.
• Automatic savings and emergency funds,
• Automatic retirement and investment contributions.

That said, it’s important to note that automation is not without its downsides, and some warn against the increasingly popular “set it and forget it,” approach arguing that “out of sight” becomes “out of mind,” and that when you’re not required to engage with your spending habits, you may forget about a monthly service you’ve signed up for. However, in the digital age, there’s an app for that too; Emma, for example, allows you to see all your subscriptions in one place, and get rid of the ones that are no longer useful to you. There are other risks though, too; for example, automated finances can lead to you becoming overdrawn and incurring fees; it’s also true that you can miss potential errors and signs of scams.

Your phone as a personal finances hub

In 2023, phones are more advanced than they’ve ever been, and it’s no wonder, considering that technology has been growing exponentially, doubling every one and a half to two years since the 1960s. Of course, the technology’s evolution has come with a raft of apps to simplify day-to-day life, and give you more control over and confidence in your finances.

Research from Plaid found that these days, people in Britain use an average of three fintech apps to manage 67% of their money online. According to the study, the majority of those using the apps feel confident in their usage of technology to manage their money, perhaps explaining why the number of online services usage is set to increase by 25% in the coming six months.

Some of the most popular personal finance apps include:

• Money Dashboard – This app is considered a bit of a pioneer in the personal finance management world. It’s a free app which helps you keep track of your personal finances and spending by pulling in information from your online banking accounts, keeping it all in one place. It allows you to view and categorise your spending, review your spending activity, set budgets and pay cycles, and track your subscriptions. It’s also FCA regulated.
• Splitwise – Perfect for household finances; if you live in shared accommodation, are planning a holiday trip, or dining out with a group, this app allows you to add different bills, keep track of money-owed, do the number-crunching, and make sure bills are settled – which will be a relief for those who hate excel spreadsheets.
• Chip – If you’re looking for a stress-free way to save, Chip is often highlighted as a good go-to. It utilises AI to gauge how much you can affordably save based on your typical spending habits. It also doubles up as an investment app, and allows access to a curated selection of funds from some of the world’s biggest asset managers. This brings us on to our next point…

Not only do phones allow you to keep track of purchases, spending, and budgeting, you can now access investing on the go. Research shows that, at this stage, people even prefer to invest via their phones. Brokerchooser.com research, for example, revealed that 53% of people in Britain now choose to invest this way; although it also highlighted that the majority of mobile investors are beginner investors. The Royal Mint, which recently conducted a study into the investment habits of young people, has also found that around 80% of young people are now investing. Nutmeg, InvestEngine, and eToro are cited as some of the most popular investment apps in 2023.

TikTok as a math teacher

As recession looms, the cost of living crisis cripples, and inflation and interest rates balloon, it’s never been more important to be in-the-know about personal finances; and considering that finance education is still lagging behind in traditional education settings, more and more people are turning to the internet for financial education and advice.

With around two-thirds of young people citing a “lack of financial education” as one of the primary reasons that led them into debt, it’s no wonder that more people are trying to enhance their financial literacy. Research from Tommys Tax even shows that currently, as many as 60 per cent of people choose social media, specifically, as their primary tool for accessing financial advice and information. Right now, one of the popular social media platforms for this comes in the form of “FinTok,” the financial side of TikTok, populated by so-called ‘Fin-fluencers.’

It’s important to note that while this is undoubtedly a great starting point for equipping yourself with the tools you need to take control of your finances, it shouldn’t be your only source, and not all information you find on “FinTok,” and the like will be reliable, or, indeed, advisable. There are no educational or professional requirements when it comes to wearing the ‘Fin-fluencer’ hat, and views are profitable, meaning that while it can be a great source for personal finance information, there are also a lot of sensationalist videos.

Some helpful FinTok content creators include:

• Humphrey Yang of @humphreytalks
• Taylor Price of @pricelesstay
• Seth Godwin of @seth.godwin

It’s also worth noting that around 14 million people in the UK have a low digital capability, and a staggering two million households are struggling to pay their internet bills; so digital access is still not at the level it should be.

Taking digital one step further

While the personal finance world is nearly unrecognisable from the one that existed just ten years ago, more change is afoot, and digitalisation and evolving technology will continue to change the landscape. Experts predict that AI and blockchain will have more of a presence in finance automation and organisation. Further, with continued inflation and the rising cost of living, which unfortunately, shows no sign of slowing, predictions are that more people will seek out additional revenue streams through digital currencies. Brands are also increasingly adapting their payment processes to these digital currencies, too and some commentators predict the further merging of cash and crypto.

Likewise, a recent study by Link, predicted that cash payments are likely to fall to as little as 10 per cent of all UK transactions in the next 15 years. That said, recent research has also shown that paper cash reached a 13-year high amidst the cost of living crisis, so it appears paper money is here to stay, at least for the time being.

Elsewhere, some believe that, despite the MetaVerse being in its infancy and experiencing a number of challenges and failures, it will eventually have more of an impact on personal finances. For example, we are already seeing digital “property” ownership, and metaverse cryptocurrencies.

Tags: Financial education, fintech, investment, Pensions, savings

The ins and outs of Equity Release

by Madaline Dunn

According to research, the number of new and returning equity release customers reached 93,421 in 2022, meaning more people are choosing these products and it’s likely that the cost of living crisis has something to do with it.

Legal & General, for example, which is one of the UK’s largest equity release lenders, outlined that 25% of those taking out loans are now doing so to supplement their income; this is reportedly up from 19% in the previous year.

You might be wondering whether equity release is a good option for you, or you may be new to the term and keen to learn more; either way, at The Salary Calculator, you’re in good hands. This week, we’ll explore the following:

• What equity release is and the different types
• The advantages of equity release
• The drawbacks
• The Equity Release Council’s new guidance

What is Equity Release?

Equity release products enable you to access the equity (money) tied up in your home as you get older. There are two main types of equity release, the first being Lifetime Mortgages, which allow you to take out either a lump sum or instalments of cash against the value of your home, while retaining ownership. Typically, you can borrow between 20% and 50% of your home’s valuation, and the amount you can take out, will depend on your age.

You can begin to access these plans from age 55. Interest is applied on an increasing sum, meaning that your interest is added to your debt on a continual basis. That being said, you’ll never pay more than the value of your home. The loan and any interest will be paid off by selling the property when you either pass away or move into long-term care. Statistics show that these kinds of equity-release products make up around 95% of the market.

Home reversions, on the other hand, are offered to those aged 60 and up, and with this product, you don’t retain ownership of your home, or at most, only part of it (between 25% – 100% is sold). While you give up full ownership of your house with home reversions, you maintain the legal right to remain in your home until you die or move into long-term care. Likewise, your lender will pay you less than the market value of your home.

To find out which equity release product best suits your needs, it’s worth speaking with an equity release advisor; if you choose to take one out, you’ll have to do it through a financial adviser, too. The former will take into consideration a number of different factors in their recommendation to you, including:

• The value of your property
• Your current and future financial and lifestyle requirements
• Your age

The advantages of equity release

When it comes to assessing the advantages of equity release, it’s worth noting that in both versions of equity release, any of the cash that you receive is tax-free, and you won’t find yourself in negative equity because, when your property gets sold, additional debt not covered by the property sale will be written off. Likewise, you can take money out of your home when you need it, and aren’t required to make monthly repayments.

Further, you also have the right to move home, and take your mortgage with you, so you’re not bound to one property.

Similarly, with both, you can opt to pay back your loan or buy back your home, however, it’s worth bearing in mind that this can cost you quite a bit. The same goes for paying your loan off early, it is doable, but you may be hit with early repayment charges.

The drawbacks

While there are undoubtedly some attractive qualities to equity release, there are some downsides, too, which are worth taking into consideration. With lifetime loans, for example, you could end up in a position where you owe more than you borrowed when the home comes to being sold. Although, there are ways out of this, and you can decide to pay off the interest each year as you go. To make things more bitesize, you can also opt for a series of smaller lifetime mortgages.

When it comes to equity release, you may also impact your entitlement to mean-tested state benefits, this includes Pension credit, savings credit and council tax benefit, so be wary. You will also encounter lender fees, solicitor fees, and equity release advisor fees; expect to spend between £2,000 and £3,000.

More generally, opting for equity release also means that you might leave behind less inheritance for your family when you pass on.

With home reversion, on the other hand, you can only receive a maximum of 60% of the market value of your home, and in more cases than not, it will actually be much less than this.

Equity Release Council releases new guidance

When thinking about pursuing equity release, you can be safe in the knowledge that all firms that either advise on or sell equity release are regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA). That being said, it’s wise to make sure you go with a company that is a member of the Equity Release Council. Members follow a voluntary code of conduct, which ensures certain product standards.

There have been recent updates in this area, too. The council recently released its consumer guide, which advises potential customers on fees, enabling them to understand what they mean and compare fees and charges across different equity release deals. The council is also recommending that equity release advisors adopt the language in the guide to simplify things for customers and make it more accessible. The guide can be found here.

Speaking about this, Jim Boyd, CEO of the ERC, explained that customers are often presented with unfamiliar terms and definitions, and to complicate matters further, different firms often use slightly different language, which can complicate things for customers.

He outlined: “The council’s guidance describes all the fees and charges that could be relevant to an equity release application, depending on its complexity. Our aim is to establish a set of standard definitions to help consumers to understand their options as they explore the equity release process with a regulated adviser.”

He added that the council understands that adopting changes takes time, but that the arrival of the “Consumer Duty” is a chance for the industry to take stock and “move towards a standardised approach.” “We hope all firms will take this guidance on board when they next revisit their approach, so it becomes the standard across the equity release market,” he said.

Tags: Consumer goods, Equity release, home, Loans

Holiday deals, discounts and deposits

by Madaline Dunn

There are no two ways about it, for most people, January is one of the hardest months of the year, with February following close behind. In the months following Christmas, people are often feeling tired, tight on money and just generally a bit dismal. However, a good way to banish the winter blues is to find something to look forward to, such as a little (or big) getaway.

At The Salary Calculator, we know that it can be challenging to find a good deal when it comes to booking a holiday – you don’t want it to cost you an arm and a leg. So, below, we’ll walk you through the following:

• Our top holiday saving and low-cost holiday tips
• Some of the firms offering low-deposit options for holidays
• Some good holiday deals and places to compare deals
• Tips for avoiding holiday scams

Holiday saving & low-cost tips

Thinking about the total cost of a holiday can be a bit overwhelming, so you might feel tempted just to wing it and hope for the best. However, to ensure that everything goes to plan, it’s best to break down everything that you’re likely to need and make sure you set aside enough money so that you can enjoy your holiday to the fullest.

While you may have thought of the basics, such as accommodation and travel costs, make sure to also include the following in your list:

• Travel insurance – to cover you for any mishaps or lost luggage,
• Travel money and any currency exchanges you may have to sort out,
• Toiletries for your trip, including sun cream, so your holiday is not ruined by singed skin,
• Any new holiday clothes or swimwear you might be required to purchase,
• Whether you’ll need to hire a car once you’ve at your destination – don’t forget about car insurance too,
• Whether you’ll want to travel in and around the place you’re visiting and how much this is likely to cost,
• Entertainment costs,
• Food and drink costs – whether you’re planning on buying it at the supermarket or eating out.

Once you’ve identified the key areas you’ll be saving for, there are a number of ways you can then proceed with your savings mission, whether that’s in little ways, like putting your spare change in a jar each week or opening up a savings account. Why not use a savings or budget calculator, too, to make things even more straightforward for yourself?

Savings can also be made in other ways, for example, by booking your flights in advance. According to Expedia, international flights booked four or more months in advance end up saving people around 20% off their fights when compared with those booked closer to the flight, like two months prior. The same goes for train tickets if you arrange a getaway a little closer to home. Likewise, when flying with a group of friends or family, you might be tempted to pay extra to get a seat next to your group, however according to research by MSE, all airlines, aside from Ryanair, always aim to allocate group seats together – this can be further guaranteed by checking in to the airport as soon as possible.

Likewise, The Civil Aviation Authority (CAA), the aviation regulator, says airlines should “aim to sit parents close to children” – if this isn’t possible, they should not be separated by more than one aisle or more than one seat row.”

Firms offering small deposit options

In the months following Christmas, there is always an influx of holiday bargains to be had, and there is a wide range of companies offering small deposit options:

• EasyJet’ offers holidays with a £60pp deposit, a 23kg luggage allowance and an option to pay in instalments.
• First Choice offers a low deposit scheme to help those looking to go on holiday spread the cost of their getaway even if they don’t have the money at the time of booking. Its offerings start as low as £60pp.
• TUI also offers low deposit holidays with prices starting at £50pp.
• Jet2holidays offers customers the ability to pay a £60pp deposit to secure their holiday and then pay the balance ten weeks before they jet off.

Finding good holiday deals

The best way to find the perfect holiday deal for you is by first checking out comparison sites. Skyscanner is a good site to visit if you’re looking to find the cheapest airline flights. Kayak is similarly a good starting point for finding both flights and hotels. Likewise, it’s always work checking out TravelSupermarket.

If you’re looking for sites that offer legitimate flash sales, check out Holiday Pirates or Travelzoo. However, you’ll also likely find good deals if you plan ahead, as many places offer early booking codes or discounts.

Likewise, who says that a holiday has to be abroad? These days, more and more people are opting for a staycation rather than travelling internationally. There are a number of companies offering affordable getaways in the UK, including:

• My Seaside Luxury, which offers a range of affordable sea-view apartments
• UniversityRooms.com allows you to stay in student accommodation, in some cases, for as little as £90 for en suite doubles, for those looking for a budget trip in a university town like Oxford or Cambridge.
• Malmaison similarly has hotels in 16 UK cities, and offers a £75 a night stay across 13 of these locations.

Watch out for holiday scams

Lots of people are keen to get away at this time of year and, in the cost of living crisis, are trying as hard as they can to identify the best deals. Statistics show that 25% feel they’ll be unable to afford a holiday without a good deal. Of course, when people are desperate for good deals, they’ll be people who take advantage of that, and charities are warning that holiday scams are on the rise.

A recent poll by Opinium found that one in ten people would book a holiday through an unknown provider if it meant paying less. Considering these statistics, it’s important to stress that when booking a holiday, you make sure that the company is legitimate and verified. The best tip here is to go with your gut, if you feel like something feels dodgy, for example, the links look suspicious, or the deal feels ‘too good,’ trust your instincts. Likewise, paying with a credit card can add another layer of security.

Tony Neate, CEO at Get Safe Online, outlines: “As the cost of living rises, we want to help protect everyone’s hard-earned cash and urge people to stay alert when it comes to booking a holiday. Trust your instincts and remember: if a deal looks too good to be true, then it probably is.”

Tags: holiday, holiday travel, savings, Travel

The mini-budget and its impact on personal finances

by Madaline Dunn

If the headlines have got you feeling concerned, you’re not alone. It’s been an incredibly difficult few years financially, and the knocks appear to keep coming. The Conservative government’s recent mini-budget has brought in a raft of changes and sent shock waves across markets. However, the implications for personal finances have stretched much further than simply tax cuts, with the pound crashing to a record low, with, what has been called “open revolt” in markets.

At The Salary Calculator, we understand that there is power in knowledge, and the best way to equip yourself for the changes ahead is to be informed. So, below, we’ll explore:

• The changes introduced by the mini-budget,
• How the budget will impact personal finances,
• What the mini-budget means for the value of the pound and living expenses,
• The government U-turn.

The mini-budget

During his emergency Budget speech on Friday, 23 September, the new Chancellor Kwasi Kwarteng introduced the mini-budget which brought in sweeping changes to income tax, National Insurance (NI), Universal Credit, Stamp Duty, and bankers bonuses.

For income tax, from April 2023, the basic rate of income tax will be cut by 1% (from 20% to 19%). Under former Chancellor Rishi Sunak, this was meant to come in the following year. In addition to this, Kwarteng announced that the additional rate of income tax, currently applicable to earnings above $150,000, would also been scrapped, meaning that the highest earners would pay the 40% tax rate on their earnings, rather than 45% (more on that later).

According to the Treasury, these changes will result in 31 million people being better off by an average of £170 per year. However, an analysis from the thinktank The Resolution Foundation at the time of the announcement outlined that “only the very richest households in Britain” would see their incomes grow as a result of the tax changes, with the wealthiest 5% to see their incomes grow by 2% next year (2023/24).

With regards to NI, from 6 November, employers and employees will pay 1.25 percentage points less in NI. This will result in employees paying NI at 12% on earnings between £12,570 and £50,270 and 2% on anything above. Employer rates, on the other hand, will revert to 13.80%.

For those on Universal Credit, in a move that Kwarteng said would “get Britain working again,” rules will get tighter. Set to come into effect in January 2023, the new rules will impact 120,000 claimants, who will be asked to “take active steps” to increase their working hours or find better-paid jobs or have their benefits reduced.

As interest rates on mortgages are projected to reach 6%, the Chancellor has also scrapped Stamp Duty. As a result, you won’t pay any stamp duty on the first £250,000 of a property. The Treasury has outlined that 200,000 more people every year will be able to buy a home without paying any stamp duty; first-time buyers will now pay no stamp duty up to £425,000 (up from £300,000). Some have voiced concerns that this will lead to further hikes in house prices, much like when Sunak announced the Stamp Duty holiday.

In a surprising move the Chancellor has also made strides toward deregulation of London’s financial industry to “boost growth.” This has come, in part, in the form of Kwarteng scrapping the banker bonus cap. Explaining this decision, the Chancellor said: “We need global banks to create jobs here, invest here and pay taxes here in London, not in Paris, not in Frankfurt and not in New York.” Unite, on the other hand, called the move an “insult to workers,” while Positive Money, a non-profit research and campaigning organisation, called it “shameful.”

The value of the pound and its effect on day-to-day living expenses

The currency markets have reacted to Kwarteng’s mini-budget with volatility, and subsequently, the pound has plummeted. At a record low, on Monday, 26 September, the pound was worth $1.0327 against the dollar. The pound also dropped sharply when the Bank of England was forced to intervene over what was being called a “material risk” to the UK economy.

But what does this mean for consumers? Well, unfortunately, it’s not good. With the pound so weak against competing currencies, the price of imports will be much higher. This is especially bad news considering that when it comes to food self-sufficiency, overall, the UK imports more than 50% of its food, with supermarkets specifically relying on imports for 40% of their food stock, meaning that the price of groceries is set to increase yet again. Moreover, regarding travelling via car, according to the AA, a weak pound means that filling up a family car could cost an extra £7.50, and that’s not taking into consideration the fact the fuel prices are already at an all-time high.

The struggling pound will also have a staggering impact on mortgages. On Monday, the financial markets forecast that the base rate could nearly treble to 6% next year. Likewise, those on variable rates (2.2 million) will immediately feel the effect of raised interest rates.

The 45p rate U-turn

In the wake of serious backlash over plans to scrap the 45p rate for those earning over £150,000 a year during a time of rising living costs, the government has announced a U-turn. This U-turn also comes following the circulation of reports that new Chancellor Kwasi Kwarteng met with hedge fund managers for a champagne reception just after his mini-Budget.

In terms of what the U-turn means for the pound, those from the financial sector have warned that while sterling has performed better, a lot of questions still remain, considering that the 45 pence tax rate was only a small part of the unfunded tax cuts announced. As Jane Foley, head of FX Strategy, Rabobank, London, said: “UK assets, the pound and gilts are not out of the woods yet, and the British government has a lot to do to get back credibility.”

Moreover, while the U-turn seemed to bolster the pound, with sterling jumping as much as 1pc in early trading amid reports, it fell back to around $1.12 following the Chancellor stating he wouldn’t resign.

Tags: Consumer goods, cost of living, income tax, mini-budget, national insurance

A guide to ‘Buy Now, Pay Later,’ deals, the dangers and safeguards

by Madaline Dunn

In recent years, ‘Buy Now, Pay Later’ deals (BNPL) have become increasingly popular and were particularly boosted by the pandemic, which created a significant increase in online shopping. Data from the FCA recently revealed that in 2020, the use of BNPL nearly quadrupled and is now at £2.7bn.

These deals offer buyers the option to pay for their purchase over a period of time, rather than all at once, and have been dubbed by some as “the future of millennial finance.” However, while this once niche form of credit has benefits, it’s not without its dangers. More and more people are raising concerns that it encourages unsustainable spending, leaving many with debts they can’t pay off. 

At The Salary Calculator, we’ll help you understand:

• The ins and outs of BNPL
• Why BNPL deals can be dangerous
• The safeguards out there to protect you from harm 

What is ‘Buy Now, Pay Later’?

Buy Now Pay Later (BNPL) agreements allow buyers to purchase items on credit and pay for them later down the line, typically through interest-free instalments. For many, this seems like a relatively hassle-free payment method and has been primarily adopted by the under 30’s demographic.

There are a few different types of BNPL deals, the first works on the basis of a buyer splitting their payments into segments, typically with an upfront payment. Following the first payment, the buyer agrees for the provider to take the rest of the money over an agreed period of time. 

Another example of a BNPL deal works by the buyer delaying their payment for purchase for a set number of days, usually between 14-30 days.

The final form of BNPL involves arranging a formal payment plan at the point of purchase, and the buyer may have to pay interest and may have their means-tested.

Some examples of BNPL providers include Clearpay, Laybuy and Klarn, the biggest provider.

Speaking about the draw of BNPL to The Guardian, one BNPL investor said: “It increases the basket size, and it also reduces dropped baskets.”

Why are BNPL deals dangerous? 

Of course, as with anything, there are drawbacks to BNPL deals, and they have the potential to put consumers at significant risk.

Speaking about the dangers associated with BNPL deals, Sue Anderson from StepChange, a debt charity, said: “Buy now, pay later services don’t give individuals enough time or protection to stop, pause and understand the consequences of their purchase. Sometimes this even means people end up using BNPL at the online checkout without actually realising they have signed up.”

She added: “Second, affordability checks are only used by some BNPL lenders, and protections against taking out multiple BNPL loans are lacking. Finally, due to a lack of regulation, it’s not clear whether these services are treating customers fairly and in a way that is consistent with other credit products.”

Meanwhile, Citizens Advice likened BNPL deals to “quicksand” in that they’re “easy to slip into” but “very difficult to get out of”.

Of course, BNPL deals don’t take into consideration circumstance changes either.

This year, in response to these concerns, the government announced this area would be regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) due to the risk posed to consumers. Now a consultation is underway to assess how to navigate the regulation issue.

What safeguards are out there to protect buyers from harm?

For a long time, personal finance experts have called for regulation around BNPL deals, and now it appears the government is finally taking heed with their consultation.

Going forward, the government is proposing that BNPL users should have the ability to take complaints to the independent Financial Ombudsman Service. On top of this, the government has also proposed that advertising and promotions relating to BNPL should be regulated by, for example, the Advertising Standards Authority or the Committees of Advertising Practice.

Moreover, the government says that statutory protection should be outlined under Section 75 of the Consumer Credit Act. Further protections have been suggested in the form of compulsory credit checks so that those who wish to take on BNPL products can afford to do so. 

The consultation ends at the beginning of next year, so it’s unlikely we’ll see any immediate changes. That said, in the meantime, when encountering BNPL products, it’s important to ask yourself the following questions:

• Can I afford the repayments?
• Are there better options out there regarding borrowing?
• Am I interested in buying this item because of the BNPL offer?

Tags: Loans, Money, savings, The Salary Calculator