Economy
Assessing the impact of AI on the job landscape
For many, it feels like ChatGPT came out of nowhere, only to completely shift day-to-day living. OpenAI launched its language model-based chatbot back on November 30, 2022, and in the short amount of time it’s been out, it’s had a BIG impact, and competitors have since come onto the scene with their respective offerings.
But, what does it all mean? AI experts are warning of danger ahead, and already, companies like IBM and BT have signalled that they will be making AI-related job cuts.
In all the hubbub, it can be difficult to know where you stand, so in this week’s article, we’ll explore the following:
- The potential scale of impact on jobs
- How people from the world of work are reacting
- How is the government dealing with the potential threat
The scale of the issue and impact
When listening to the experts, it seems as though the advancement of AI is unavoidable and inescapable, and it will undoubtedly have a presence in our lives. But how will it impact the world of work?
According to a report by investment bank Goldman Sachs early this year, AI could potentially replace a quarter of work tasks in the US and Europe – however, it will impact sectors differently.
While 46% of tasks in administration and 44% in legal professions could be replaced by automation, for construction, the figure stands at 6%.
It’s also worth noting that this displacement will also likely be experienced differently for men and women, with women dominating in clerical work. Indeed, research shows that more than twice the share of female employment could be affected.
High-income economies are also more likely to be affected, at a rate of 5.5 per cent, versus 0.4 per cent in low-income economies. That said, experts say that many places aren’t yet prepared for the disruption ahead. Some figures show that over 50 million Chinese workers will require retraining, while in the US, this figure stands at 11.5 million.
It’s also important to note that forecasts vary widely, too, and while there have been a number of potentially catastrophic forecasts, including from Cred CEO Kunal Shah, who recently warned that 90% of people could lose their jobs in the next ten years, the likes of Forrester predict that generative AI will “influence 4.5 times more jobs than it replaces.”
Responses from the world of work
But how do those in the workforce feel about AI? It’s really quite mixed.
According to some research, 36% feel that AI will make them feel more stressed, while 37% are concerned it will mean their work is less accurate. Meanwhile, 38% shared data privacy concerns.
Elsewhere, Censuswide, on behalf of Visier, found that those already using AI in the workplace saved around 1.55 hours a day – or 390 hours a year and 40 per cent think it will enhance their work-life balance.
Further to this, around 31 per cent believe it can help close the skills gap in the UK. This is huge, considering that 73% continue to report skills gaps, only 11% of UK workers have digital skills and 54% of organisations don’t have specific skills initiatives in place for specific talent pools. 67%, meanwhile, believe that developing AI skills will be important for their future career growth.
Speaking about this, Ben Harris, Director UK MD at Visier, said: “The workplace has been disrupted by rapid innovation and everyone has a role to play in its smooth adoption. With skills gaps widening across the UK, AI can alleviate a wide range of pain points. But, with opportunity comes responsibility.”
In order to survive and thrive in the new world of AI, some have suggested that workers learn how to code, become more data literate, and hone in skills that are AI-proof, such as communication, collaboration and adaptability skills. A central focus for people in this new world of work will also be becoming lifelong learners.
How is the government dealing with the potential threat?
Considering opinions are so divided, and the technology will reshape the world we live in so dramatically, you might be wondering what the government plans- on doing to regulate it and keep things in check. There’s also a lot of support for regulation, with almost 60% of British people wanting regulation to be introduced for AI in the workplace, according to Prospect Trade Union.
The government set out the need to legislate in an AI white paper earlier this year, but has been urged to speed things up due to how quickly AI is evolving.
Recently, the Science, Innovation and Technology Committee chair and Conservative MP Greg Clark said: “If there isn’t legislation passed in this session, then assuming the election is in late 2024, the earliest that new legislation can reach the statute book is mid to late 2025.”
Clark pointed out that, by then, two years will have passed, by which time, AI will have continued to be deployed and developed without the “statutory means to govern it.”
“And other jurisdictions such as the EU or the US will be proceeding themselves, and there is a danger that what has become embedded in Europe and in the US could become the default means of regulation, even if we had a better model in mind. That’s another reason for getting on with it.”
Elsewhere, the TUC recently launched an AI taskforce, bringing together leading specialists in law, technology, politics, HR and the voluntary sector for legal protections for both employers and workers. It reportedly aims to publish an expert-drafted AI and Employment Bill early in 2024 and will also lobby to have it incorporated into UK law.
The taskforce says that the UK is “way behind the curve” on the regulation of AI, and outlines that AI capabilities, left unchecked, could result in “greater discrimination, unfairness and exploitation at work across the economy.”
It appears there’s still a long way to go when it comes to implementing regulation around AI and while the UK plans to hold an AI Safety Summit in November, that’s still quite some way off.
None of the content on this website, including blog posts, comments, or responses to user comments, is offered as financial advice. Figures used are for illustrative purposes only.
Universal basic income trialled in two places in England
There’s no denying we are living in challenging times right now. The cost of living crisis isn’t subsiding, financial insecurity is on the rise, the climate crisis is worsening. We’re also living in an era where technology is reshaping quite literally everything, including the world of work with AI and automation ramping up.
Universal Basic Income (UBI) is being proposed as a way of safeguarding against these disruptions, bolstering income security and reducing poverty.
In this week’s article, we’ll walk you through:
- What universal basic income is
- Where, why and how is it being trialled
- The pros and cons of the introduction of universal basic income.
What is universal basic income?
The idea of Universal Basic Income stretches as far back as 1516 in Sir Thomas More’s Utopia, and it’s essentially a guaranteed income for everyone in society. As of late, following the disruptions of the COVID-19 pandemic, the rise of automation and AI, it’s becoming a serious conversation.
It’s been tried in many places all over the world. In the US, for example, there are long-running UBI schemes, including in Alaska. It’s also seen in the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians Casino Dividend in North Carolina. Elsewhere, Finland has trialled UBI schemes, as have Spain, the Netherlands, Kenya, India and more. Currently, in Wales, there is a basic income pilot for 18-year-olds leaving the care system. Over 500 participants are receiving £1,600 a month for two years after turning 18.
As noted, the pandemic really revitalised conversation around UBI, and back in 2020, over 170 MPs and peers actually called for a basic income. As we know, this didn’t go forward, and instead, the government introduced furlough.
At the time, the now Prime Minister and then Chancellor, Rishi Sunak, told the Commons: “We’re not in favour of a universal basic income, although we have strengthened the safety net for the most vulnerable in our society with over £7bn invested in improving our welfare system.”
Speaking about the increasing need to pivot toward UBI, Will Stronge, the director of research at the thinktank Autonomy, said: “Our society is going to require some form of basic income in the coming years, given the tumult of climate change, tech disruption and industrial transition that lies ahead. This is why building the evidence base and public engagement now is so important, so the ground is well prepared for national implementation.”
What’s going on with the trials?
The UK is currently running a micro pilot scheme to test this out. Led by Autonomy, the scheme will run in central Jarrow, in north-east England, and East Finchley, in north London. A total of 30 people will be randomly selected from a group of volunteers, with 20% of places allocated to people with disabilities. They will receive £1,600 every month for two years. This will cost £1.15m across the two-year period.
Alongside this group, there will also be a control group, which will not receive the basic income amount, and their experiences will be monitored alongside the other group.
The likes of Green MP Caroline Lucas welcomed the plans and said: “It’s so exciting to see these plans for England’s first ever basic income pilot scheme,” she said. “We are in such uncertain times – worsening job insecurity, spiralling cost of living and a welfare state creaking at the seams.
“We need big, bold ideas to provide security and dignity for all – tackling poverty, improving wellbeing and transforming society. The government can’t ignore this idea any longer,” she added.
The Green Party has long advocated for its introduction. Back in 2019, for example, it became the first political party to promise a fully costed Universal Basic Income for every resident by 2025.
Meanwhile, Cleo Goodman, a co-founder of the initiative Basic Income Conversation, commented: “We’re hopeful that this plan will result in the first ever basic income pilots in England. No one should ever be facing poverty, having to choose between heating and eating, in one of the wealthiest countries in the world. Basic income has the potential to simplify the welfare system and tackle poverty in Britain.”
According to estimates, if this kind of UBI programme was implemented on a national level, it would reportedly cost just under £1 trillion.
Weighing up the pros and cons
There’s no escaping the working landscape looks very different on the horizon, and indeed, Stronge notes: “With the decades ahead set to be full of economic shocks due to climate change and new forms of automation, basic income is going to be a crucial part of securing livelihoods in the future.”
Further, he added that “all the evidence” demonstrates that it would “directly alleviate poverty” and “boost millions of people’s wellbeing.” He says that, ultimately, the potential benefits are “just too large to ignore.”
But, it’s not without its critics, and, as we’ve outlined above, it would be expensive, as well as requiring a huge overhaul of both our tax and social security systems. But, with such big disruptions to work and living in store, large-scale changes seem almost inevitable.
There are also critics who argue that UBI would de-incentivise people from working and result in inequity. That being said, regarding the former point, a Finnish study on UBI found that there was actually a greater incentive to work, and also meant that people had more time to pursue business ideas.
With the trial running for two years, it will be some time until we have data to analyse, but it’s an idea that’s increasingly entering the mainstream.
Eating healthy when food prices are high
Life’s not been too easy on the bank balance as of late. From sky-high rent to eye-watering energy costs, for many, day-to-day living has never felt so expensive. Food prices are, of course, also rising dramatically and, over the last year, have reached record highs.
When food shops are so expensive, it’s understandable that you might feel less able to assemble healthy, nutritious meals. But, at The Salary Calculator, we’re here to help. In this week’s article, we’ll walk you through:
- What’s going on with food price inflation
- Top tips for affordable healthy eating
- How switching to plant-based can save you money, keep you healthy and protect the planet
Food price inflation
According to reports, food prices in the four weeks to May were 17.2% higher than they were a year ago. There are a number of reasons for this, the Russia-Ukraine war impacting energy, high animal feed and fertiliser prices, supply chain issues, extreme weather affecting harvests, and Brexit. While prices have dropped slightly since April, as Fraser McKevitt, the head of retail and consumer insight at Kantar, says, it’s still “incredibly high” and only down 0.1 percentage points.
Currently, inflation in the UK is higher than in other countries, such as Germany, 7.6%, France, 6.9%; and the US, 4.9%. Overall, food prices have risen at twice the rate of overall inflation, with dairy particularly affected, rising three times faster than other items. Four pints of milk, for example, is now 30p higher than this time last year at £1.60, while a 400g block of cheddar cheese is up 39%. But, across the board, groceries are costing more:
- 1 kg of granulated sugar is up 47%,
- 1kg of potatoes is up 28%.
- Olive oil is up 46.4%
- Sauces, condiments, salt, herbs and spices are 33.9%
It’s no wonder then that people are feeling the pinch, and the impact has been wide-reaching, with shoppers trying to make savings wherever they can. Research shows that own-label item purchases have shot up by 15.2 per cent, and more people are also shopping at budget supermarkets like Aldi. Aldi, for example, saw a 24 per cent sales increase, making it the fastest-growing grocer this month, while Lidl’s sales increased by 23.2 per cent.
However, you might be wondering why supermarket prices are still high despite costs coming down. Well, some believe that retailers are trying to make up for their fall in margins last year.
Regardless of why, consumer group Which? has called on the government to undertake its review of food pricing rules as quickly as possible. Rocio Concha, the Which? Director of Policy and Advocacy said: “It’s good news the government has committed to reviewing pricing rules, but this must be undertaken as soon as possible as much clearer pricing is vital in enabling shoppers to compare prices and find the best value products.”
Adding: “Supermarkets should also be making it easier for people by urgently committing to stocking essential budget ranges in all their stores, particularly in areas where people are most in need.”
Tips for healthy eating while prices are high
Considering the above, it’s understandable if you’re struggling to keep your weekly shop costs low, but below, we’ve got some tips for you.
Buy seasonal: Buying seasonally is cheaper because seasonal foods are more easily available in supermarkets and often not imported, which is a big plus from an environmental perspective, too, as it means your food travels fewer food miles. Seasonal food is also often fresher.
So, what’s seasonal? Well, for example, broccoli is seasonal from August to October, leeks from September to March, and cauliflower, from January to April. For fruit, you’ll get apples between September and February, tomatoes from June to October, and rhubarb, from January to June. If you live near to a local farm stand or farmer’s market , this could be a good go-to. For more information about seasonal food, click here, or for recipe inspiration, check this out.
Buy own-brand, “value” or “essential” or “basic” label: Buying supermarket own-brand products can save you a ton of money and these days, more and more supermarkets are coming out with their own value selection, even Co-op, which was a little late to the game. Head over here to review some of the best own-brand products.
Keep your eyes peeled for yellow stickers: While not always helpful for all items, it’s always worth checking out a supermarket’s yellow sticker selection, which features an assortment of reduced items often near to their best before or sell-by date.
According to the site SkintDad, the best time to go yellow-sticker-hunting at Tesco is around 8 pm or around 30 minutes before smaller stores close, while at Sainsbury’s, it’s 7 pm, and at Morrison’s, it’s 6 pm.
Freeze your bread: Freezing your bread can make it last a lot longer, for months, even. Plus, freezing bread doesn’t mean compromising on texture or flavour when sealed and thawed correctly.
Meal planning: Meal planning saves both time and money. When you have a plan while shopping, you’ll avoid buying unnecessary groceries, and, plus, you won’t have to step inside a shop during the week, meaning you won’t be tempted to waste money on things you don’t need.
Make your own sauces & soups: It might be tempting when you’re feeling lazy to buy a tomato sauce rather than make one yourself but making sauces from scratch can be a lot cheaper, plus you can make them in bulk and freeze them. The same goes for soups and dressings.
Saving pennies with plant-based power
Plant-based diets have really become popular in recent years for a number of reasons, including as part of a vegan lifestyle, informed by concerns for animal welfare and the planet’s health. Learn more about that here and here. Alongside these benefits, going plant-based can actually be a lot cheaper, too. Especially considering that inflation has hit meat and animal products nearly twice the rate of vegetables.
There’s a misconception that plant-based diets are expensive, and while that might apply to some vegan alternatives, such as processed plant-based meats and cheeses, eating whole foods can save you a pretty penny while still being delicious and packed full of flavour, whether that’s beans, lentils, tofu, or tempeh.
Research by Oxford University, for example, found that those following a vegan diet could reduce grocery bills by as much as 34 per cent compared to the costs associated with a typical Western diet.
Where many people struggle with vegan diets is missing cheese. Vegan cheese company Violife found that it’s the main reason holding around 45% of people back from making the switch. It’s not surprising, either, considering that cheese contains large amounts of protein casein, which triggers the same part of the brain as hard drugs!
However, this is where nutritional yeast flakes come in, or Nooch, as they’re more appetisingly known. These cheesy-flavoured flakes are high in B12, zinc and protein and can be sprinkled over plant-based meals to satisfy your cravings for a cheesy hit and in a more nutritionally balanced way.
For some recipe ideas, check out the following links:
The working from home debate
Back in 2020, as the Covid-19 virus took hold of the world, working from home became compulsory for those who were able to do so. And so, for many, came the rise of endless Zoom calls and Teams meetings, virtual social lunches, much more time at home, and fewer hours commuting.
However, as the world has slowly gained back control over the virus, WFH has endured in many workplaces. That said, the majority of people still never work from home (63.9%), 21.4% work in a hybrid model, and only 7.8% of workers permanently work from home.
Yet, despite the above figures, and many who choose to work from home touting the benefits of doing so, recently Chancellor Jeremy Hunt, speaking at the British Chambers of Commerce conference, said workers should return to the office unless they had a “good reason not to.” One of the main reasons he cited included that WFH stifles creativity.
So, what’s the basis behind his argument, is there any truth in it, and what does the workforce think? In this week’s article at The Salary Calculator, we’ll walk you through:
- The statistics on productivity,
- How creativity is faring at home versus the office,
- How WFH impacts mental health and relationship building,
- What workers’ preferences are.
Variability in productivity
When it comes to productivity and WFH, depending on who you talk to or which sources you scan through, you’ll get a very different picture painted. For example, a study conducted by Stanford, which surveyed 16,000 workers over a nine-month period, found that for those working from home, their productivity was boosted by around 13%. A few contributing factors included having a quieter and more convenient place to work in and working more due to fewer breaks. Further, it wasn’t just productivity that was boosted; workers also said they felt more satisfied, and attrition rates were even cut by half.
This is supplemented by research from TechTalk which found that 55% of the 2,000 work professionals it surveyed concentrated better when working from home. Similarly, Gitlab found that 4 in 5 workers would recommend remote working to a friend, and 81% of people surveyed felt satisfied with remote working.
That being said, while individual productivity might be thriving in some cases, surveys show that teamwork isn’t faring so well. Gitlab, for example, found that only 37% said the organisation they work for does a” good job” of aligning work across projects.
Creativity in the workplace versus WFH
One of the main reasons Hunt has cited for a return to the office is his concern about creativity or lack thereof. However, while there is no definitive data, some research shows that employees can be just as creative, if not more so when working from home. Research from Better Up found that people were 56% more creative and thought more innovatively when working remotely.
Some of the reasons that the research team gave for explaining these results were that long commutes and excessive meetings, more time being alone and thoughtful, and being in a place of safety and strength contributed to more creativity. However, there are two sides to this, and research published in Nature on a field experiment across five countries actually found that more video-conferencing, something more prevalent in remote working, in fact, inhibit the production of creative ideas. Indeed, some workers are worried about this, with around 18% concerned about their creative output outside the office.
One of the common arguments regarding this is that without being in the office, workers don’t have the opportunity to bounce ideas off each other or spark up conversations that lead them down the road of innovation. There are no so-called “water cooler moments.” However, it really comes down to an individual’s working style.
Mental health and relationship building
A core issue often explored when discussing the WFH dynamic is how it affects mental health, well-being and relationships. Again, as with all of these areas, there’s a huge level of variability.
That said, isolation is often a common concern for those working from home. One study found that 81% of younger workers said they would feel more isolated solely working from home, while another study found that 60% of workers felt less connected to colleagues.
Further, many workplaces appear to be failing to provide their employees with additional resources to cope with these new challenges. In fact, one study found that under 30% (29%) are doing so. At the same time, around 19% of workers like WFH because it allows them to avoid office politics.
It’s not just work relationships that can be negatively impacted by working from home, though, according to experts, it can also put a strain on home relationships, for example, with a partner. This is often put down to being “physically present” but “unavailable” or due to letting work seep into home life.
Linked with this is the question of work-life balance. Living and working in the same space can make switching off difficult, with a reported 32% of workers finding it difficult to do so. This is especially true for those working in their bedrooms (17%) and living rooms (27%). Working in the former can also be bad for productivity and negatively affect workers’ ability to sleep. According to Hubble research, Gen Z reportedly struggles with this the most.
What are workers’ preferences, and what does the future hold?
So, all things considered, what are workers’ preferences? Do people enjoy WFH, hybrid or office-based working? Well, a wide range of contributing factors affect this, and it appears that age group also has a part to play.
According to Deloitte, 77% of Gen Zs and 71% of Millennials would consider looking for a new job if told they had to return to the office full-time. Meanwhile, another piece of research found that two-thirds (66 per cent) of workers aged over 55 years old prefer hybrid working.
Elsewhere, a study by Hubble found that, interestingly, Gen Z were the most “pro-office” group, while Gen X and Baby Boomers were more “pro-WFH.”
It’s likely that preferences will also depend on whether or not workers have young children; after all, WFH allows much more flexible scheduling (perceived as the main benefit for 50% of workers). Likewise, another factor is how far away a worker lives from their place of work; lack of commute is the secondary draw to WFH for 43% of respondents after flexible scheduling – this comes with big savings, too, a draw for 33% of people.
While the research shows that different groups might prefer different models of working, a key insight from research in this area is that workers like flexibility and the option to choose where and how they work.
Looking ahead, while the likes of Hunt may consider WFH to be detrimental to employees’ performance, it looks like it won’t be going anywhere anytime soon. Moreover, leaked Labour policy documents reveal that the party is even planning to make flexible working a legal right. So, watch this space.
Missing rent and mortgage payments: What’s happening, and where can you find help?
There’s no denying that times are tough right now, and for many, it feels difficult to find respite. The cost of living crisis is squeezing everyone and from seemingly every angle.
According to Citizens Advice, it has been supporting more people than ever before with aid and referrals. The charity called it the “bleakest ever” start to the year and has facilitated 94,000 people with food bank referrals and access to emergency charitable grants. That’s a 178 per cent increase from the same period in 2020.
Figures show that in the first four months of 2023, it helped more people than the entirety of 2019.
Further to this, recent data from Which? revealed that hundreds of thousands of people across the UK missed payments on household bills in April.
At The Salary Calculator, we understand that it’s a challenging time and that many are looking for guidance on where to turn, so in this week’s article, we’ll walk you through the following:
- The scale of the rent and mortgage payment issue
- How people are responding to tightened finances
- How to form a plan of action and where you can find support
700,000 missed household bills in April
Which? estimates from April reveal a deeply concerning trend of financial strain across the country. The consumer choice and advice company shared that according to its estimates, in April, 700,000 people across the country missed rent and mortgage payments.
These estimates were made by combining the company’s survey data with the data from the Office for National Statistics (ONS). Specifically, it was found that renters, in particular, defaulted on rent payments, with one in 20 (5.2%) unable to pay their monthly rent to their landlord. Comparatively, 3.1% of mortgage holders missed payments.
More broadly, two million households (7.3%) missed or defaulted on at least one mortgage payment, rent payment, loan, credit card, or bill.
The situation is being informed by a number of factors, but crucially, as outlined by Which? Mortgages have jumped significantly. Last year, the average two-year fix in April 2022 was 2.86%, in April 2023, it was 5.35% – meaning remortgaging will be leaving thousands with much more expensive monthly bills. For many renters, this is being passed down from landlords, with one in five tenants in privately rented properties seeing monthly rent prices hiked by 10% or more between February last year and February 2023. This is occurring alongside food prices rising at their fastest pace ever, and sky-high energy bills.
Making more financial adjustments
To cope with the financial blows of the cost of living crisis, millions are having to rethink their finances and make adjustments and cutbacks. According to Which? around six in 10 people have had to make “at least one” financial adjustment in order to be able to afford essentials.
Which? shared that this covered everything from selling their possessions to dipping into savings. This comes to an estimated 16.6 million households across the country – a figure 35% higher than two years ago.
These figures are supported by data from Barclays, which found that increasing household bills has led to half (54%) of consumers cutting back on discretionary spending. Likewise, in order to save, people have been switching from nights out and restaurant meals to nights in, with research from KPMG finding that 63 per cent of people have been cutting back by making fewer trips to restaurants. More nights in have also led to an increase in spending on subscription services such as Netflix and NowTV.
Forming a plan of action for rent and mortgage payments
With mounting bills and pressure from lenders and landlords, it’s understandable that you might be feeling stressed – and while people deal with stress in different ways, the temptation to try and avoid the issue is often strong. Many also shoulder a lot of the stress alone. In fact, according to research by Lowell Financial, a whopping 69% of people who are in debt don’t talk about it with anyone.
But however tempting that might be, when it comes to rent and mortgage payments, it’s important to deal with the situation head-on.
With rent, while it’s always a top priority to put enough money aside to pay your landlord or letting agent, it’s not always possible. After all, right now, rent prices are increasing at their fastest rate in 13 years. But, you must act straight away.
It’s also important to remember that a landlord can start the eviction process straight away, and if you’ve previously missed or been late on payments, you’re already in arrears or you’ve come to the end of your fixed term period.
Citizens Advice also recommends that you reach out immediately if you’ve not paid rent for eight weeks or more, your landlord has initiated court procedures to have you evicted, you’ve received court papers, or you’re expecting bailiffs.
An important point of action is to assess your finances and see how much you can realistically pay, even if it’s not the full amount. Then, initiate a conversation with your landlord and propose these terms. It’s key to see what you’re entitled to and see if you can apply for Discretionary housing payments (DHPs) or certain benefits. You should also be aware that landlords can ask to make deductions from your benefits.
Below are some key contacts to reach out to when dealing with rent arrears:
If you’re having difficulty paying your mortgage or are in arrears, while lenders typically wait around 15 days after a missed payment to reach out, you should reach out straight away. However, prior to doing that, as with rent arrears, it’s important to calculate a budget of what you can afford to pay, which you can share when you contact them. If this feels difficult, speak to an adviser at your nearest Citizens Advice.
It’s also important to be honest, and assess whether or not the situation is likely to be temporary or long-term. If the former, they may suggest making a temporary payment arrangement or an interest-only mortgage – find out more about that here.
If the situation is not looking like it will be temporary, there are other routes you can take. For example, you may be eligible for certain benefits or Support for Mortgage Interest (SMI) and be sure to look into mortgage rescue schemes, for example, the Breathing Space scheme.
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